预科二英语笔记

最后修改 2026-10-19

下载 Markdown5 KB
本页目录

Active Learning Strategies#

  1. Ask yourself pre-reading questions.
    向自己提出读前问题.

  2. Identify and define any unfamiliar terms.
    找出并解释任何不熟悉的术语.

  3. Bracket the main idea or thesis of the reading, and put an asterisk next to it.
    用括号把所读材料的中心思想或论点括起来，并在旁边标一个星号.

  4. Put down your highlighter. Make marginal notes or comments instead.
    放下荧光笔，改为在页边做笔记或写评论.

  5. Write questions in the margins, and then answer the questions in a reading journal or on a separate piece of paper.
    把问题写在页边，然后在阅读日志里或另一张纸上回答这些问题.

  6. Make outlines, flow charts, or diagrams that help you to map and to understand ideas visually.
    制作提纲、流程图或图表，帮助自己以可视化的方式梳理和理解观点.

  7. Read each paragraph carefully and then determine "what it says" and "what it does." Answer "what it says" in only one sentence.
    仔细阅读每一段，然后判断它「说了什么」和「起了什么作用」；「说了什么」只用一句话回答.

  8. Write a summary of an essay or chapter in your own words.
    用自己的话写一篇文章或某一章的摘要.

  9. Write your own exam questions based on the reading.
    根据所读内容自己出考试题.

  10. Teach what you have learned to someone else.
    把自己学到的东西教给别人.

Modes of Discourse#

Description, Narration, Exposition, Argumentation

Organizational Patterns / Pattern of Organization#

Comparison, Contrast, Cause & Effect, Classification, Division, Extended Definition, Process, Problem-Solution, Topic Pattern, Spatial Concepts, Chronological Order, Pros and Cons, Focus on Cause/Effects

Rhetorical Analysis#

(Ask and answer these questions.)

  1. What's the use of each paragraph in writing this article?
  2. How many parts are there in this article?
  3. What's the use of each part in writing this article?
  4. The mode of discourse
  5. The purpose
  6. The topic/theme
  7. The main idea/thesis
  8. The pattern of organization
  9. What rhetorical devises are used in this article?

Precis#

(A concise rhetorical analysis of an article with 4 sentences.)

1st sentence: main idea or topic (if there is no main idea in some subtypes/baby modes, such as topic pattern or extended definition)
第 1 句：中心思想或话题（若某些次类型／小类型，如话题型或扩展定义，没有中心思想，则写话题）.

2nd sentence: supporting ideas and ways or organization, using reporting verbs
第 2 句：支撑性观点与组织方式，使用转述动词.

3rd sentence: purpose(s) of writing
第 3 句：写作目的.

4th sentence: audience and language style.
第 4 句：读者与语言风格.

例：

In the article, The McGraw Center for Teaching & Learning in Princeton University provides some active reading strategies for the undergraduates.

This handout explains/interprets the strategies in/from 10 aspects, such as "Ask yourself pre-reading questions", "Identify and define any unfamiliar terms", "Bracket the main idea or thesis of the reading, and put an asterisk next to it", etc.

The purpose of offering the strategies is to help the students "remember and analyze" what they read in their academic study.

Since the target readers are the undergraduates, the language is simple-styled but formal and instructive by using the imperative mood.

How to Summarize the Lecture#

1st sentence: Identification about the source, the speaker, the topic and the main idea.

the following sentence(s): Information about the big picture, key points and important details.

例：

In the lecture about product innovation, the professor states that successful innovators share some common qualities. He first defines "product innovation" as ways businesses get ideas for new products. He points out that in the past product innovation was mostly due to mistake or luck, but in the 21st century, companies spend a lot of money on innovation, and successful innovators have two common qualities.

Then the professor claims that innovative companies usually have courage to take risks. A good example is Apple Computer, which invented iPod for people to be able to listen to music everywhere, and this made great profits for Apple.

Next, the professor illustrates another common characteristic of innovative companies – thinking about their products in a new way. He gives the example of Starbucks that provides wireless Internet service to make the customers stay longer, which may probably help their profits increase.

Finally, the professor restates that a totally new idea can change a business.

Reporting Verbs#

state, define, point out, claim, illustrate, restate, explain, describe, suggest, reveal, demonstrate...